|
|
Post by AP Singh on Mar 13, 2010 15:34:51 GMT 5.5
The Gujjar Pratihar is a gotra of Kushana Era. It is most likely a branch of Khatana branch of Gujjar Kushans. In this thread I would request peope not to send any unrelated post since the purpose of this thread is to refine Wikipedia where citations are required.
Here are some records to tell the people who are spreading the wrong information that Pratihar dynasty was not a Gujjar dynasty.
1. The pharse “Gurjara-Pratiharanvayah,’’ that is “Pratihara clan of the Gurjara’’, occurred in the 4th line of Rajor (Alwar). The Alwar and Rajour were ruled by the fuedatories of Gujjar Pratihars of Kannauj and also from the same family. This inscription confirms that Pratihara Emperors were Gujjars
2. The Pratihar Emperors are reffered as Juzr or Jurz in many Arab and persian records which is the Arab or Persian form of the word Gujjara. The Arabs writers, like Abu Zaid and Al Masudi who alluded to their fights at many places with the Juzr or Gurjaras or Gujjars. Many Arab writes have also written that Gujjars are the highest caste in India and all the kings are selected from them. Also all the caste pay homage to them. The Brahmins are listed as second.
3. The Pratiharas belonged to the Gurjara stock is also confirmed by the may Rastrakuta records.
4. The Kanarese poet, Pampa, describes Emperor Mahipala ( Grandson of Samrat Mihir Bhoja Mahan and father of Hindu Shahi king Jaipal ) as “Ghurjararaja’’ in his works.
If anybody is looking for more information, he is probably not interested about the truth and he should be asked counter questions like if Pratihars were not Gujjars who were they?
|
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on Mar 13, 2010 16:01:52 GMT 5.5
Counter questions are asked by noted scholar John Key is his book : India- a History for the Gujjar history which was stolen by others. are as follows:-
At Page 195
Based in Western India at the opposite extremity of Arya-Varta, the Gurjara-Pratiharas have been awarded an Imperial sway greater even than Harsha's and a national resolve worthy of the Congress Party. "They were of the people and did not stand away from their hopes, aspirations and traditions. The y spearhead of the religio-cultural upsurge' the Gurjara-Pratihars were bulwark of defence against the vanguard of Islam, and protectors of Dharmal.
Page 196: How the Gujjar History was stolen:
Tod spent ten years amongst the still-independent rajputs as a political agent in the early nineteenth century. In the subsequent Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, one of the most substantial and sonorous works of British Indian scholarship, he would claim to have established' the common origin of the tribe of Rajasthan and those of ancient Europe'. Invoking 'the Sycthic tribes' as the common link, this was simplay a variation, albeit less remote, of the Indo-Aryan hypothesis advanced by philogists like Jones. Tod also delved deeply into the Puranic pedigrees whereby the various rajput houses claimed descent from heroes of the epic and Vedas. And he valiantly tried to trace each clan to its original homeland. But he failed to explain the greatest mystery of all: why the rajputs, so prominent in Indian history throughout the second millennium AD, had figured in it not once during the first millennium. Where, in short, had the rajputs sprung from? The mystery is still unresolved. Even if rajput clans like the Pratiharas were really Gurjaras, they can still only be traced to C500; and there remains the problem of where the Gurjaras and rajputs sprang from.
Page 197 ( The Word Bhadana, a celebrated Gotra of Gujjars invariably found on various coins of Yodheyas).
Yuadheyas offered a stout resistance to Rudradaman of the Junagarh inscription, and whether earlier still they have migrated from somewhere outside India -- all such mysteries remain unexplanied.
What is certain is that Gurjara-Pratihars representd a social and political grouping very different from those of their Pala and rashtrakuta rivals for imperial patrimony of Kannauj. When they first emerged it was as the most successful amongst several related Gurjara royal families; their extensive conquests were often made and subsequently controlled by feudatories who were often relations; and when their empire disintegrated, it did so into powerful local kingdoms ruled by the families who claim a similar kastriya status and a similar-rajput provenance. This prevalence of loose, kin based relatioships suggests that tribe and clan were important to the Gurjara-Pratiharas. Nevertheless, the Gurjara-Pratihars observed the conventions and assumed the traditional epitets of paramouncy. Vatsraja, who from Ujjain appear to have ruled over Malwa and much of rajasthan in the 780s, had been the vfirst to assume the titles of Maharajadhiraja and Parmeshwara.
At page 203 In the Panjab the Shahis jostled with the Gurjaras, Kasmiris and Sindhi rivals,sometimes as allies, sometimes as enemies; while in Afghanistan their fuedatories clung to considerable territories to the south and east of Kabul. These latter were the first to go, and in 870 Kabul itself was recaptured.
Page 231: Triumph of the Sultans (c1180-1320). Friends, rajput and Conquerors: The word Rajput (raj-putera) simply means 'son of a raja'. Although it therefore implied Ksatriya status and eventually came to mean just that, someone of Kastriya case, it originally had no particular ethnic or regional connotations. To those ex-fuedatories of the Gurjara-Pratihar kings of Kanauj to whom the term is so freely applied, and to other Indian opponents of Islam to whom it was occasionally extended, it was probably meaningless other than as one of many hackneyed, and usually much more grandiloquent, honorific. Not until the Mughal period did the word come to be used of a particular class or tribe and, given the prejudices of aurangzeb's reign, its connotation soon became decidedly pejorative: 'Rashboot', as they sometimes appeared in english translation, were freebooters and troble-makers, 'a sort of highway men, or Tories, according to a seven-teenth-century ( the contemporary for the Hindus), they were encountered mainly in Gujarat and rajasthan and were usually under arms, soldiering being their hereditary profession.
See how this Gujjar History was stolen by wrong translation
Page231-232.
Colonel James Tod, who as the first British official to visit Rajasthan spent most of the 1820s exploring its political potential, formed a very different idea of the 'rashboots'. Not only was it his boast that 'in a rajpoot I always recognize a friend,' but seemingly in a friend he always recognized a rajput. Their hospitality to one who was offering acknowledgement of their sovereignty plus protection from the then devastating attentions of the Marathas was overwhelming. Tod found rajputs all over Rajasthan; and the whole region thenceforth became, for the British, 'Rajputana'. The word even achieved a retrospective authenticity when, in an 1829 translation of Ferista's history of early Islamic India, John Briggs discarded the pharse 'Indian princes,' as rendered in Dows;s earlier version, and substituted 'Rajpoot princes'. As Briggs freely admitted, he was much indebted for the unreserved communications on all points connected with the history of rajpootana..... to my friend Colonel Tod.
At page 232 the knowledgeble writers describes why Col Todd did it since it was his job to find weak alley.
About Rajputs: The closest attention to their history proves beyond contradiction that they were never capable of uniting, even for their own preservation: a breath, a scurrilous stanza of a bard, has served their closest confederacies. No national head exists amongst them..... and each chief being master of his own house and followers, they are individually too weak to cause us (i,e, the British) any alarm. *3
|
|
|
|
Post by dipakgurjar on Mar 13, 2010 16:40:08 GMT 5.5
Great Post of very usefull information by A.P Sir Attachments:
|
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on Mar 13, 2010 17:22:45 GMT 5.5
One more question from Col. Todd. that he has reffered Ferriasta very frequently in his fake historical stories , Why he went blind reading a very important information, a mother of all information, the origin of the great tribe which explains everything for having common surnames with other rulers.
The History of the Rise of Mohammedan Power in India, Volume 1, chpt. 8
The rajas, not satisfied with their married wives, had frequently children by their female slaves, who, although not legitimate successors to the throne, were styled Rajpoots, or the children of the rajas.
The Muslim invaders took full advantage of this realy bad and immoral practice popular among Hindoo kings, to find a good alley among Hindoos and to also satisfy their own lust and appointed these son of kings as their Governors. During Mughal period this community became so powerful that they started abusing their own people and motherland. Later Col. Todd. also exploited the situation to find a weak alley against strong Marathas.
|
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on Mar 15, 2010 15:35:41 GMT 5.5
Babarnama is concrete evidence that Udai Pur was ruled by Nagari gotra of Gujjars. Udai Singh Nagari was the last Gujjar ruler. Also it was not ruled by Seesodia rajputs earlier, the descendents of Rana Sanga who fled from battle to save his life is confirmed by Ain i Akbari.
I would like to mention here that in all the Indian version of translations of Babarnama the word Nagari which is Gujjar clan was removed probably to facilitate the stealing of Gujjars’ history to Seesodiya clan of Rajputs.
Refrerences:
1.The Memoirs of Babur, Volume 2.
Salâh ud dîn, Governor of Raisen and Sârangpûr, was in possession of a territory that could furnish 30,000 horsemen; Râwal Udai Singh Nâgari [/b]had 12,000 horsemen; Hasan Khan Mewâti, Governor of Mewât, 12,000; Bahâdur Hemladuri, 4,000; Sattervi Kachji, 6,000; the Governor of Barmul, Parm-Deo, and Mirta, 4,000; Birsingh Deo Jehân, 4,000; Mahmûd Khan, son of ...
2. The Memoirs of Babur, Volume 2, chpt. 63
... ten infidels, who, unlike the ten blessed, unfolded the misery-freighted banners, which mark them out for futuretorment and wailing, possessed many dependants and armies, and wide-extended pergannas. As, for instance, Silâhed-dîn possessed thirty thousand horse; Râwal Ûdai Sing Nâgari, ten thousand horse; Medini Rai, ten thousand; Hassan Khan Mewâti, twelve thousand horse; Bârmal Îdari, four thousand horse; Narpat Hâda, seven thousand; Sattervi Kachi, six thousand; Dharm Deo, ...
3. The Memoirs of Babur, Volume 2, chpt. 65
... their heads. Hassan Khan Mewâti was enrolled in the band of the dead by a matchlock shot, and in like manner many of these bewildered and misled rebels, the leaders of that army, were struck by arrows or musket-shot, and closed their lives; of the number, Râwal Udai Sing, before named, who was Prince (Wali) of the country of Udaipûr, and had twelve thousand horse; and Rai Chander¬bhân Chuhân, who had four thousand horse, and Mânikchand Chuhân, and Dilpat Rai, who were masters of four thou¬sand horse, and Gangû, and Karm ...
Also that Bagar region was not ruled by the Seesodiya rajputs before the invasion of Baber is confirmed by Ain I Akabri. Please see the following reference.
1.THE AIN I AKBARI BY ABUL FAZL 'ALLAMI (ri, Volume 2, chpt. 167 )
In the vicinity of Mórá and Mangréj is a state called
Pal through which runs the river Mahendri towards the Gujarát side. It has a separate ruler who resides at Dúngarpúr. On the Málwah side is Bánswálah (Bánswára) and that too has a separate chief. Each of them has a force of 5,000 horse and 10,000 foot, and both are of the Sesódiah clan. The rulers were of the Ráná's family, but for some time past it has been otherwise.
|
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on Mar 15, 2010 17:02:04 GMT 5.5
The Origin of Pratihar Gotra of Gujjars. Here I am placing the information which is the result of my research works on Gujjar History since last 6-7 Years. This also confirms the fact that Kushana Emperors were Gujjars and theory propagated by many historians of salvery period of the our beloved Country ( undivided India, and i,e,. Gujjar country or Aryavrata) that Gujjars migrated sometime around 5th. Century is completely exposed. Gujjar Khatana Emperor Vijay Simha founded many Viharas in present day Afghanistan, Pakistan and Chinese Turkestan. One of them was Potarya Vihara ( Present day Potohar in Pakistan). The Gujjar rulers of the place were called Gujjar Pratihars. Similary the other branches of the same Gujjar Gotra were called as Nagara and Varajjaras, the rulers of Nagaraja Vihar ( present day Nangarhars) and Vajra Vihar ( present day Bajaur). Here are the historical references:
1. Concrete evidence is a document of the 3rd century, discovered by Sir M. A. Stein at the site of Endere (facsimile in Stein, 1921, pl. xxxviii; transcription in Boyer and Senart, p. 249; tr. 1940, p. 137; cf. Emmerick, 1979, p. 168 and n. 7). It was written in a local Middle Indian dialect in Kharoṣṭhî script by Khotana maharaya rayatiraya hinajha Vij’ida Siṃha “General Vijida Simha, great king, king of kings of Khotan” in his tenth chuna (< Khot. kṣuṇa) “regnal year.”
2.According to the "Annals of Li-yul" ( Rockhill: Life of Buddha, pp.238 ff), Vijayasimha, the successor of Vijayvirya married Chinese Princess Pu-nye-shar, the daughter of the ruler of China. She was responsible for raiming silk worms much against the wishes of her husband, who later on repented for his deeds. He called from India the Bhikshu Sanghaghosa and made him his spritual adviser, and to atone for his wickedness he built the Po-ta-rya and Madza Caitya and a great Vihara ( Stein: Ancient Khotan, p 230). |
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on Mar 16, 2010 12:04:14 GMT 5.5
Counter questions are asked by noted scholar John Key is his book : India- a History for the Gujjar history which was stolen by others. are as follows:- Page 196: How the Gujjar History was stolen: Col Todd. failed to explain the greatest mystery of all: why the rajputs, so prominent in Indian history throughout the second millennium AD, had figured in it not once during the first millennium. What is certain is that Gurjara-Pratihars representd a social and political grouping very different from those of their Pala and rashtrakuta rivals for imperial patrimony of Kannauj. When they first emerged it was as the most successful amongst several related Gurjara royal families; their extensive conquests were often made and subsequently controlled by feudatories who were often relations;
The biggest joke is that the period from 6th. century to 12th. Century, the so called Rajput period of Indian History, the word Rajput had figured in it not once during this period.
Most of the Fuedatories of Gujjar Pratihars like Chauhans, Chandilla, Bhati, Nagara, Bhadanaka, Parmars, Solanki,Tanwars,Guhilas,Chawras etc. etc. were not only the people of their own Gujjar tribe but often related to them.All these clans are still found in numbers among Gujjars spread from Afghanistan to Karnataka, covering all the regions of Gujjar Empire during Glorious Imperial Gujjar Pratihar period of our History. |
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on Mar 16, 2010 14:25:09 GMT 5.5
It is a saying that to supress one truth one has to speak 100s of lies. Same is true with Agnivansa theory of Gujjar Gotras of Pratihars, Parmars, Solankis and Chauhans who are descendents of Gujjar Kushans and their original kingdoms were located somwhere in Agnidesa.
Karashar is called Agnidesa in Sanskrit. Sanskrit word Agni is distorted to Yangi. This also confirms that Gujjars are not foreigners as is said by many Indian historians of slavery period of the country. The Gujjars are the descendents of lord Rama, as is stated and many historical records and thay have extended their Empire upto Georgia in present day Central Asia.
The Agnikund theory was fabricated mainly for three reasons:
1. To steal the Gujjar History.
2. To make the rajput ligitimate rulers from retrospective effect whereas the word rajput was used initially for local Governors of Muslims invaders and later to the servants of Mughals.
3. To provide a Brahmin supremacy over Gujjars, as if it was a purification Yagna whereas Gujjars were mentioned as the highest tribe of India in Many Arab and Persian records from whom all the kings are chosen.
Here is the Wikipedia article on Agni Desa, the ancient capitals of of the Gujjars of Pratihar, Chauhan,Parmar and Solankis.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Karashahr)
Jump to: navigation, search
Yanqi
Karasahr
— Town —
Yanqi Mosque
YanqiLocation in Xinjiang
YanqiLocation in China
Coordinates: 42°3′31″N 86°34′6″E / 42.05861°N 86.56833°E / 42.05861; 86.56833
Country China
Province Xinjiang
Prefecture Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
County Yanqi Hui Autonomous County
Karasahr, or Yanqi (also Karashahr, meaning 'black city' in Uyghur languages. Turkish Karasehir. Sanskrit Agnideśa; Chinese 焉耆 pinyin Yānqí; Wade-Giles Yen-ch’i; ), is an ancient town on the Silk Road and capital of Yanqi Hui Autonomous County in the Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, in northwestern China. According to the 2000 Chinese census it had a population of 29,000,[1] growing to 31,773 persons in 2006; 16,032 persons of which are Han, 7781 people Hui, 7154 people Uygur, 628 Mongol, and 178 other ethnicities and an agricultural population of 1078 people.
The town is well connected, being located on the Kaidu River (known in ancient times as the Liusha), the China National Highway 314 and the Southern Xinjiang Railway, and is an important material distribution center and regional business hub. The town incorporates 10 communities.[1]
The town has a notable Islamic population and contains the Yanqi Mosque.
Kaidu River in YanqiThe Buddhist Sanskrit name was 'Agni' or 'Fire.' "“Yanqi, it seemed, was the local derivation of yanghi, the Turkish word for fire. The city had possibly once been called Yanghi-shaher or Fire City. Xuanzang, a stickler for precision and partial to India, had used the Sanskrit word for fire, agni, and transliterated this into Chinese, yielding 'O-ki-ni."[2]
|
|
|
|
Post by kavya dhama on Mar 17, 2010 11:10:09 GMT 5.5
HI AP bhai
Bro please confirm one thing that you written in your earlier post that pratihars from potohar may be its right. As you know that in history tribes gave their name to place but place not decided tribes name.same case for gujrat, gujjar ruled over their for long time and put that place name gurjar rastra.So its possible that those gujjars who belonged to potohar called pratihar,and their is other thing that pratihar means bodygaurd in sanskrit.It is also possible that one of kushanas branch put their title as pratihar.
|
|
|
|
Post by AP Singh on Mar 17, 2010 12:08:15 GMT 5.5
HI AP bhai Bro please confirm one thing that you written in your earlier post that pratihars from potohar may be its right. As you know that in history tribes gave their name to place but place not decided tribes name.same case for gujrat, gujjar ruled over their for long time and put that place name gurjar rastra.So its possible that those gujjars who belonged to potohar called pratihar,and their is other thing that pratihar means bodygaurd in sanskrit.It is also possible that one of kushanas branch put their title as pratihar.
Regarding other Gotras the Gujjars were called among themselves as the rulers of the place. This was a very popular convention and also mentioned in Babarnana for example Hasan Khan Mewati, the word Mewati stands for the ruler of Mewat. General Public were not allowed to use the word Mewati.
In Mathura inscription of Gujjar Kushans the Word Bokkanpati ( for Bokkan gotra of Gujjars) and Kharsalerpati is appeared for Kharsaleri ( present day Khari gotra of Gujjars). Similarly in the word Salumbra is appeared for Rana Ratan Singh salumber who was Gujjar ruler of salumber at the time of the invasion of Babar. Rana Ratan Singh Salambur has sacrificed his life in the battle for the sake of the country and his territories were occupied by the others later who fled from the battle.
When these Gujjar rulers were given additional territories to rule by the Gujjar Emperors they have similary named the places as the name of their original kingdoms. For example Kuchha ( Kashi)is found in Chinese Turkestan and many similar places including Kashmir and Kuchha in Gujarat are named after the same place which is named after the great clan of Gujjar Kushans. Hence many places also were named thereafter the various Gotras of Gujjars but remember the first condition of this rule was not voilated and these places were also ruled by Gujjars of that particular Gotra.
Most of the Gujjar Gotras today are the braches of five Yuechis ( Guzar) Princes mentioned in chinese Annals and are named after the places they ruled. The five branches are:-
1. Kasana
2. Khatana
3. Bokkan
4. Cherchan or Chechi
5. Hun or Hao-tun ( white Huns or Hepthalites) |
|
